Make It Happen

Islands which intervene, for the purposeof

Showing thenearest approach which theold and new continents make to each other, and therelative positionsof theislands and countries connected with thePacific.—8. A map orchart of Moralgeography,exhibiting theprevailing religion of theseveral countries, and themoral s’ate of their inhabitants, which might be distinguished,either by different colors or bydifferent shades in theengraving. Inthis map thecountries enlightened by Christianity, and those which are still shrouded in Pagandarkness, might beexhibited at one view; for thepurpose of showingto theyoung what an immense portion of theworld is still immersed inheathen ignorance and idolatrv, and what exertions are still requisitefor enlightening thebenighted nations; and for thepurpose of stimulating them to bear a part inthose philanthropic movements which are now going forward for theenlightening and renovation of theworld.—9. View* of cities, public buildings, mountains, caves, grottos, volcanoes, interesting landscapes, and whatever scenes orobjects are most striking on thesurface of theglobe. Some of these views might be exhibited by theoptical diagonal machine formerlydescribed.—10. Sets of colored maps of thequarters of theglobe, and its different countries, delineated in theusual way.—11. A projection of the globeonthehorizonof theparticular country where thepupils reside, for thepurpose of showing thebearings and distances of places from thecountry inwhich they are placed.—12. Slaieglobes,on which thepupilmay trace with a pencil thecircles of thesphere, theranges of mountains, thecourse of rivers, tbe outlines of continents and islands, and whatever else may tend to familiarize his mind to thegeneral arrangements of theearth. On such globes mistakes may be remedied and inaccuracies corrected by theapplication of thesponge; and, after thepnpil has been for some time accustomed to such delineations, he will soon acquire a clear and comprehensive view of theoutlines of theglobe, and become familiar with therelative positions of its con meats.

seas, and islands.—13. Delineations of the comparative heightsof the principalmountains on theglobe —themountains in theeastern and western hemispheres being arranged intwo separate groups. On thesame sheet might likewise be delineated, comparative views of theheights of different ranges,arranging them into six orseven classes, beginning with views of such mountains as those of Scotlana, Wales, and Ireland, which do not much exceed 4000 feet, and graduallyproceeding to such as theCordilleras and theHimalaya, whose summits reach an elevation of above 20,000 feet.—14. Modelsof particular countries might occasionally be made of wax orother materials, particularly of mountainous regions.

Thephenomena of thunder and lightning, winds

 rain, hail and snow; themost striking objectswhich appear intowns, villages, and throughout thefields, on hills, mountains, valleys, rivers, and sea-coasts—might formanother departmentof a school-book; care being taken that thedescriptions be sufficiently simple and vivid, and that long and hard words be as much as possible avoided.— Descriptions of some of theinnocent games and amusements of theyoung, accompanied with delineations of some of them, might likewise be introduced. As a supplement orcompanion to a book of this kind, descriptions mightbe given of theparticular object*! connected with the locality inwhich theschool is situated. In thefirst place, theschool itself with thevarious objects it contains; thetrees, flowers and shrubbery which surround it; theroads, streets, lanes, and walks, connected with thetown orvillage ; and themost remarkable public buildings it contains—might be particularly described, and thedescriptions accompanied with a plan ormap oftie place and its vicinity, and views of the

most interesting objects, rural and architectural, which arc connected with it. Such descriptions would always be read with interest by theyoung, and would excite them to habits of observation and reflection, besides affording them materials for conversation intheir social walks and intercourses.— Children are always extremely fond of havingtheir ideas of sensible objects enlarged, and view,with a great degree of interest and pleasure, therepresentations of them inwell-executed engravings. Yet. strange 10 tell, when I attended school, it would have been considered as a crime to have looked into a book which contained engravings. I recollect of a boy havingbrought to school a copy of ” TheThree Hundred Animals,” but il was carefully concealed from theteacher, and from most of thescholars, through fear of punishment.We were so anxious, however, to see thenovel figures it contained—themagnified picture of thelouse and theflee, thebee-hive, thepeacock, theelephant, and thewhale—that we gave pins, marbles, cherry-stones, gooseberries,and even sometimes a whole halfpenny,to theproprietor, for half an hour’s perusal of it.

Some persons will perhaps be disposed to object, that such lessons as I now allude to are either trifling, or,at least, not so important as themoral lessons generally introduced into our initiatory books. Inreply to such an insinuation, it may be sufficient to say, that it can never be unimportant to convey a well-defined idea of any object worthy of being known,to themind of a child, if it is admitted that thegreat object of education is to communicate theelements of thought. And as to producing moral impressions.

Keeping thebreast and neck uncovered

By keeping thebreast and neck uncovered, they acquire more firmness, are rendered hardier, and less susceptible of being affected with cold. Besides, a child has reallya more interesting aspect, when arrayed in thebeautiful simplicity of nature, than when adorned with all thetrappings which art can devise. Thefollowing anecdote, related by Herodotus, illustrates the advantageconnected vita a cool regimenof thehead. ” After thebattle fought between thePersians, under Cambyses,and theEgyptians, theslain of both nations were separated; and upon examining theheads of thePersians, their skulls were found to be so thin and tender, that a small stone would immediately perforatethem; while, on theother hand, theheads of theEgyptians were so firm, that they could scarcely be fractured bv thelargest stones.” Thecause of this remarkable difference was attributed to thecustom of theEgyptians shaving their heads from earliest infancy, and going uncovered inall slates of theweather; while thePersians always kept their heads warm by wearing heavy turbans..

Attention oughtlikewise to be paid to theproper covering of thefeet.It is scarcely necessary for children to use shoes before they are a year old; orif theydo, thesoles shouldbe thin and soft. The formof thehuman foot is such, that at thetoes it is broad, at theheel narrow, and theinside of thefoot is longer than theoutside—a formwhich is evi. dently intended by Nature to enable us to stand and walk with firmness and ease.

 It is therefore a dictate of Nature,that shoes shouldbe made in thesame formas thefeet, and be sufficiently roomy for thetoes to move with ease; and inorder to this, tbey must be formed upon two separate lasts, corresponding to theright and theleft foot. How shoes came at first to be made tapering to a point at thetoes, almost like a bodkin—how high heels became thedarling fashion of theladies—and how a small foot came lo be reckoned genteel—1 pretend not to determine; but certainly nothing can be more absurd and preposterous. Such opinions and practices, along with niany others which abound, particularly in thefashionable world, have a direct tendency to counteract thebenevolent intentions of Nature, and are nothing short of an attempt to arraign thewisdom of theCreator, inhis arranging and proportionating thedifferent parts of thehuman frame— as if puny man, by his foolish whims, were capable of improving theworkmanship of Infinite Intelligence. Thefollowing figures (taken from Dr. Faust) plainly show theabsurdity of the shapeswhich have been given lo shoes, fig. 1. shows theoriginal shapeof thesole of theleft foot. Fig. 3. shows how thesole of theleft shoe ought to be formed ; and Fig. 2. shows clearly that theshoes usually worn, and made on one last, cannot correspond lo thenatural shape of thefoot.

Fain would I linger here no more
Fain would I linger here no more, Fain to yon happier world upsoar, And join that bright expectant band ! Oh, raise my soul, the joyful song That rings through yon triumphant throng, Thy perfect rest is nigh at hand 1 I WOULD FLY AWAY. OTttr. OH, had I wings like yonder bird, That soars above its downy nest, I’d fly away, unseen, unheard, Where I might be for aye at rest. I would not seek those fragrant bowers Which bloom beneath a cloudless sky, Nor would I rest amidst the flowers That deck the groves of Araby. Pd fly, but not to scenes below, Though ripe with every promised bliss ; For what *s the world ? a garnished show, A decorated wilderness. Oh, I would fly and be at rest! Far, far beyond each glittering sphere That hangs upon the azure breast Of all we know of Heaven here. And there Fd rest, amidst the joys Angelic lips alone can tell; Where bloom the bowers of Paradise, Where songs in sweetest transports swell. There would I rest, beneath that throne, Whose glorious circle gilds the sky; Where sits Jehovah, who alone Can wipe the mourner’s weeping eye! TAKING WING. QCbatcfttr. EARTH is the spirit’s rayless cell; But then, as a bird soars home to the shade Of the beautiful wood where its nest was made, In bonds no more to dwell— So will its weary wing Be spread for the skies when its toil is done, And its breath flow free, as a bird’s in the sun, And the soft, fresh gales of spring. Oh, not more sweet the tears Of the dewy eve on the violet shed, Than the dews of age on the hoary head When it enters the eve of jears.

THE DESIRED HAVEN.
THE DESIRED HAVEN. Then weep no more for him who ’s gone Where sin and suffering ne’er shall enter, But on that great High Priest alone Who can for guilt like ours atone, Your own affections centre. For thus, while round your lonely bier Surviving friends are sadly bending, Your soul like his, to Jesus dear, Shall wing their flight to yonder sphere, Faith’s lightest pinions lending. And thus, when to the silent tomb Your lifeless dust, like his is given, Like Faith shall whisper midst the gloom, That yet again in youthful bloom, That dust shall smile in Heaven! THE DESIRED HA VEN. “Jtjmn* oC tf)t Cfwrtf) jguifamt.” 185 LORD, the waves are breaking o’er me and around ; Oft of coming tempests I hear the moaning sound ; Here, there is no safety, rocks on either hand— Tis a foreign roadstead, a strange and dreary land: Wherefore should I linger ? others, gone before Long since, safe are landed on a calm and friendly shore. THE DESIRED HAVEN. Now, the sailing orders, in mercy, Lord, bestow, Loose the cable, let me go! Lord, the night is closing around ray feeble barque, How shall I encounter its watches long and dark? Sorely worn and shattered, by many a billow past, Can I stand another rude and stormy blast ? Oh, the promised haven I never may attain, Sinking and forgotten, amid the lonely main, Enemies around me, gloomy depths below, Loose the cable, let me go! Lord, I would be near Thee, with Thee, where Thou art, Thine own word hath said, ” Tis better to depart.” There to serve Thee better, There to love Thee more, With Thy ransomed people, to worship and adore. Ever to Thy presence, Thou dost call Thine own— Why am I remaining, helpless and alone ? Oh, to see Thy glory, Thy wondrous love to know! Loose the cable, let me go!

Kant’s ethics is an ethics of
Kant’s ethics is an ethics of the duties of agents as rational beings; and despite his eloquent espousal of the popular doctrine of inalienable rights in his essay Perpetual Peace, there is av JonJ no place for that doctrine in his own moral theory. Accordingly. Kant avoids the dilemma we have posed precisely because the concept of the respect for persons is not designed by him to provide any ground or basis for human rights. Can wc avoid the dilemma posed above by appealing to the intrinsic worth of persons? Is it this worth of the individual which provides an adequate ground for the fundamental rights of persons? But if both the morally worthy and the unworthy person equally possess intrinsic worth—for how else can these rights be ascribed equally to all human beings?—we arc threatened once more with circularity: the intrinsic worth of persons b their status as beings endowed with rights and as such the objects of our moral interests. For what else can be meant by ‘the intrinsic worth of persons’? Kant’s remarks are unhelpful here.not only because he docs not introduce the notion of the intrinsic worth of persons as a ground of human rights, but also because of the obscurity of his calk about persons in rcspcct of their rationality as ends in themselves. One suggestion, by Vlastos, is that we need to translate ‘A’s human worth’ into ‘the worth of A’s well-being and freedom’ on the ground that these ‘are aspects of his individual existence as unique and unrepeatable as is that existence itself.

She has from God this bridal-dower

She has from God this bridal-dower of  love, that she may lose herself in her children.” And children move not only the physical but the mental nature of their parents; their minds are constantly actuated in economizing and counselling, in hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, anxieties and solicitude. And not less is the moral nature of parents affected by their children ; the attributes of love, patience, goodness, justice, and mercy, are called into con¬stant action. Many formal worshippers of God are led to the observance of the outward rites of religion, more for the example of their children and the youth, than for their own good; and even the devoted worshipper is moved often to the throne of grace by his offspring; here also he pours his most fervent prayers; and these attractions being removed from earth to heaven, often lead the bereaved to ” set their affections on things above.” Thus it appears that parents are in an essential sense controlled by their children. The same is true of other members of the family; the elder brothers and sisters are similarly affected by the children below them; the grandparents also, who have de¬scended to the state of second childhood, are subject to those in the first. Thus the realm of a little child often extends from the parental heart to the extremi¬ties of the family, neighborhood, or society. Are not communities and legislatures moved by the physical necessities of children, to make provisions for the supply of their wants ? Do not their mental necessi¬ties move, and tax, and interest the whole community to provide schools, to erect school-houses, to write and print text-books, so that it has been correctly deemed the chief concern of a State to educate its children?

THR hair, as wo bare remarked
THR hair, as wo bare remarked, is not to bo considered an conferred upon (ho human species or on any of the orders of animal life, simply as an ornament. It is given for pur¬poses of utility. It is this principle which characterises tho works of naturo. Tho beautiful is tho creation of our own minds—the constitution of whioh is in exquisite relation to external objects. We find hair in prolusion in particular parts only of tlio human body; and, in all these, wo shall discover that it is in connexion with concentrated nervous matter, and with organs, tho functions of which, in certain bodily states, re¬quire the appendage as an issue for tho escape of super¬fluous elements; the necessity of it may be established by various considerations, which have not hitherto presented themselves to the physiologist in points of view in which it is our intention to study them. We may divide, as already observed, the organs of tlio animal economy into two classes, in reference to the character of their vital contributions; tbo one being gross in the nature of their productions, and the other refined. Ye will endeavour to render our meaning intelligible. The stomach may be taken as an examplo of tho first class. Its operations arc strictly in accordance with the requirements of the body. Its individual well-being is an effect spriuging out of its own labours, and the transmission of their results to other structures. The food which it receives is modified io an importaut degree by tlte actions to which it is sub¬jected: valuable additions are made to it, and, being thus altered in its uature, it is passed forward to be further acted upon by matters poured out by other organs, each of which imparts a something to it which it did not previously possess.

The seed of a Green Gage

The seed of a Green Gage will undoubtedly produce Prunus domestica, but not a Green Gage. On the other hand an eye (cutting or graft) of the Green Gage Plum will increase that particular variety. ” Although it occasionally happens that some one branch of a plant disagrees from the rest of the branches in certain small peculiarities of growth, such as the colour of the leaves, the doubleness of the flowers, the character of the fruit, &c., thus acquiring the properties of a special variety, yet this is an exception to ride. Every part detached from a plant continues to correspond with its parent after its separation, and for this reason propagation by division affords the means of multiplying varieties which either could not be propagated at all by seed, or only with uncertainty.” Mohl. It has, however, been generally asserted that varieties multiplied for many generations by eyes (cuttings or grafts) gradually degenerate, become diseased, and disappear; whence it is said that propagation by eyes can only be employed with safety for a few generations. For this idea there seems to be no sufficient foundation ; but as it will be further examined in Chapter XVII., I content myself for the present with quoting the opinion upon the subject of Prof. Mohl, the greatest of modern German physiologists. ” Thousands of experiments,” he observes, ” have shown that the young shoots of old trees, when used as grafts, slips, &c., furnish as strong plants as the shoots of young trees. Even in the Palms (Phoenix dactylifera) experiment has proved that the apex of the stem, when its vegetation begins to slacken in an old tree, grows again into a strong tree when cut off and planted in the earth. Not one single experiment speaks in favour of the opinion promulgated by KNIGHT, that all parts of a tree have a common end to their life, and that the different trees which have been raised from one and the same tree by grafts, decay about the same time as the parent plant.

The two latter are connected by cellular
The two latter are connected by cellular tissue, which, when it is pressed into thin plates by the woody tubes that pass through it, acquires the name of medullary rays. It is important, for the due explanation of certain phenomena connected with cultivation, to understand this point correctly, and to remember that, while the perpendicular system is distributed through the wood and bark, the horizontal system consists of pith, outer bark, and the medullary pro¬cesses which connect these two in Exogens, and of irregular cellular tissue analogous to medullary rays in Endogens. So that the stem of a plant is not inaptly compared to a piece of linen, the horizontal cellular system representing the woof, and the woody system the warp. 35 Whenever the stem is wounded, the injury is repaired by the cellular or horizontal system, which forms granulations that eventually coalesce into masses (Fig. VII. A), within which the perpendicular system or woody matter (n) is subsequently developed. Thus the restoration of the communication between the two sides of an annular excision is effected by granulations of the upper and lower lips, and of the medullary ravs, which 36 Fig. VII.—Reproduction of tissue upon a decortieatcd space V. In cuttings, the ” callus,” which forms at the end placed in the ground, is the cellular horizontal system, preparing for the reception of the perpendicular system, which is to pass down¬wards in the form of roots. Many plants will endure extensive lacerations of their surface, and close up such wounds with great facility.